Thomas j



AUNITEiD STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HIMSELF AND HENRY BALDWIN, JR.

MACHINE FOR BORING ARTESIAN WELLS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 48,343, dated June 20, 1865.

To all whom it may concern Beit known that I, THOMAS J. LovEeRovE, of the city and county ofPhiladelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Machine for Boring Artesian or Oil Wells,` of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which make part of this speciiication, and in which- Figure l represents a plan or top view of a machine embracing my invention 5 Fig.'2, a vertical section through the same at the line A B of Fig. l 5 Fig. 3, a similar section at the lineGD otFig. l5 and Fig.4, a frontview ofthe raising,'lowerin g, rotating, and feeding mechanism.

The objects of my invention are to dispense j with the derricks heretofore used inboringoilwells; to attain greater freedom of access to the mechanism; to raise and lower the drill automatically at any desired rate of speed, and thus to regulate the feed of the drill 5` to turn the drill automatically while working, and, nally, so to arrange the mechanism that all these movements can be effected and controlled by one person and from one position, so as to avoid the necessity of running from place to place and stopping the work while adjusting some portion ot' the mechanism 5 and to these ends my invention consists, first, in so arranging the mechanism which supports, raises,

lowers, and rotates the drill, that it shall vibrate directly over the hole5 second, in automatically rotating the drill by mechanism actuated by the 'vibration of the parts which sustain the drill5 third, in a mechanism which automatically and simultaneously vibrates, feeds, and rotates the drill5 fourth, in connecting one end of a walking-beam or vibrating lever to the motor and the other to the drill by mechanism which gives` the drill an intert to raise, lower, or vary the feed of the drill5 seventh, in regulating the feed of the drill by the differential movement of the rotating and lowering mechanisms; eighth, in winding the drill-rope on a spool having a motion on both a vertical and a horizontal axis, as well asa vertical reciprocation; ninth, in making the cross-shaft that supports the walking-beam the'axis around which the mechanism for operating the drill vibrates.

In the accompanying drawings, which exemplit'y one convenient mode of carrying out the objects ot my invention, the mechanism is shown as mounted on a Walking beam or vibrating lever, c, oscillating ona cross-shaft, b, secured in a stout frame, c, consistingin this instance simply of two posts, a a'.

of ratchets and pulleys-viz., on one side of the beam a pulley, l, for rotating the drill, having a ratchet-Wheel, 2, secured to and turning with it, and on the other side of the beam, and next to it, a ratchet-wheel, 3, attached to speed-pulleys 5 6, a brake or friction pulley, 7, and a fast pulley, 8, all turning on the same collar.

All the above-mentioned pulleys and ratchetwheels rotate freely on the cross shaft b when the ratchetwheels 2 and 3 are not engaged with their respective pawls. The loose pulley 9 rotates freely at all times. Pawls 4 and l0, pivoted in this instance upon a block, cl, on the walking-beam, respectively engage the ratchet-wheels 2 and 3, and when the walkingbeam is vibrated impart an intermittent rotary motion to `the pulleys 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 in the direction indicated by the arrow win Fig. 2.

Two levers,1l and l2,are mounted on arod, e, beneath the cross-shaft, so as to slide and turn freely thereon, and carry detent-pawls on their upper ends, which respectively engage the ratchetwheels 2 3 and prevent their reverse movement. a brake to the pulley 7 when lowering the drill, to prevent its too rapid descent into the well.

The rear of the walking-beam c is attached by a suitable connection to the motor to impart a reciprocating motion to the beam, the front end of which carries the mechanism by which the drill is supported in the lbore, and rotated axially to cut the bore on all sides alike. This axial rotation is imparted to the drill by Mounted and turning upon the cross-shaftare a number The lever l2 also serves as u a worm, 13, rotated through the pulley 14, to which it is fastened, and which receives motion from a belt, 15, connecting it with pulley 1, fastened to the ratchetwheel 2, which is rotated by the vibrating pawl 4, operated by the vibrations of the beam. rlhe worm 13, secured in proper bearings on top of the beam, gears into a worm-Wheel, 16, on the tubular collar 't' of the spool-clevis 17, which carries the spindle 18, that supports the sp0ol19,on which the drill rope or chain is wound.

The spoolclevis 17 rotates near the under side of the beam, and` is securely fastened to the lower portion of the tubular collar, and is of sufficient capacity to receive the spool 19, with all the rope or chain required for any depth of boring, besides two miter-wheels, 2() andy 21, the former fast on the spindle 18, with the spool, so that both the spindle 18 and the spool 19 are revolved by and rotate with the gear-wheel 20, which receives its rotation from the miter gear 21, situated within the spoolclevis 17, being securedr to and supported by a short shaft, 22, passing through the collar t, and sustained and rotated therein by a mitergear, 23, on the top of the shaft and over the worm-wheel 13. This miter gear 23 receives its motion of rotation from amiter-gear, 24, on a short shaft, 25, that is suspended in suitable bearings, a2, attached to the sides of the beam c, and carrying on one end the speed-pulleys 27 and 28, to match the speed-pulleys 5 and 6 on the cross shaft a, which are, in turn, rotated either by the vibrations of the beam, through the connecting belt 29 and through the vibrating pawl 10 and ratchet-wheel 3, or by the belt from an independent motor which works on and rotates the fast pulley 7 on the axle.

It is obvious that lby changing the relative sizes of the Various pulleys the speed at which the drill is rotated' can be varied, as well as that with which it is raised or lowered in the 'Wel-l, and the same vresult could be produced by the use of cone-pulleys by shifting the belt along them in the usual well-known way.

The operation of the mechanism is as follows: The paWl 4 and the detent-lever 11 being engaged with the ratchet-wheel 2, as the pawl 4 imparts an intermittent rotation to the worm 13, and worm-wheel 16, transmits a similar movement to the spool-clevis carrying the drill-rope. Ihepawl l0 and detent 12 being ou-t of gear, the raising and lowering mechan-ism is inoperative; but as the spoolclevis is rotated bythe worm-wheel 16 the miter-wheel 20 traverses around the corresponding one, 21,y

which turns the spool 19 and unwinds the rope. It will thus be seen that both the rotating and feeding movements of the drill are automatically regulated by the vibrations of the walking-beam.

If the spool should turn so rapidly as to slacken the rope, the pawl 10 and detent 12 may be thrown into gear with the ratchetwheel 3. The vibration of the beam will then impart an intermittent rotation'(through the train of gearing) to the miter-wheel 21, which will revolve the spool-wheel 20 in a direction the reverse of that in which itwas turned by the rotation of the spool-clevis. Both motions `still continue, but the wheel 21 turns so much more rapidly than the clevis as to wind up the yrope faster than it is paid out, in consequence of which the slack would be soon taken band on the fast pulley 8, driven in any suitable manner. When the beam is vibrating'the 'raising can bek done, but more slowly, by the intermittent rotation of the wheels 21 and 20,

as above described. In this case the axial rotation of the drill is of course unnecessary, and can be discontinued by un gearing the rotating mechanism.

It is obvious that the details of my machine may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit of my invention. For instance, the mechanism for raising, lowering, feeding, and rotating the drill may be mounted in a frame traversing in guides, like a sawvgate or a vertical engine, instead of being mounted on the end of the vibrating beam, in which case its vibrations would be in a'plane parallel with the bore of the well, instead' of beingin thearc of a circle, as herein described.

'l It is likewise manifest that my invention may be applied with good effect to boring wells at a distance from the engine, it being only necessary to conduct the rope over suitable guidepulleys.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that I dispense entirely with a derrick and arrange the mechanism in a compact form,

where it can readily be controlled by the attendant, whose labors are much diminished by the automatic rotation and feeding mechanism. beam is vibrated up andV down on its axis the The. machine can be mounted on wheels and readily be transported from place to place. pulley 1, which, through its belt 15, pulley 14,

What I claim vas my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States,

1. Vibrating the mechanism which supports, raises, lowers, feeds, and rotatesthedrill' dil rectly over the hole, so as to dispense withy a derrick.

2. Rotating the drill automatically by mechanism actuated by the vibration of the parte which sustain it, substantially inthe manner described.

3. A. mechanism which automatically and similtancously vibrates, feeds, and rotates the dri 4. Connecting one end of a walkingbeam or vibrating lever to the motor and the other to the drill by mechanism which gives the drill an intermittent axial rotation. Y

5. Combining with a walkingbeam or vibrating lever a mechanism actuated by the reciprocation of the beamintermittently to rotate the drill, and a mechanism similarly actuated for raising and lowering and feeding the drill.

6. Combining with a vibrating mechanism which supports and rotates the drill a mechanism independent of the vibrations of the beam to raise or lower the drill.

7. Controlling the feed of the drill by the dili'erential movement of the'rotating and lowering mechanisms.

y Witnesses:

WM. B. DAYTON, H. G. OTIs, Jr. 

